Can a nurse practitioner treat without a supervising physician, state by state
The same question, answered for 51 states from each state’s own law. States disagree on this, which is the point — an answer that is right in one is wrong next door. Every entry below is a statute or board rule we verified, most recently Sep 8, 2026.
Who treats · part of The Practice Perimeter
| State | What its rule says | Cited to |
|---|---|---|
| Alabama | The cited rules do not settle general NP practice — they cover only non-ablative laser, light, energy, or chemical procedures, where a CRNP acts as a Level 1 Delegate under a delegating physician's written protocol and that physician must supervise. | Ala. Admin. Code r. 540-X-11-.02(5) (definition of “Level 1 Delegate”) Sep 4, 2026 |
| Alaska | Yes — the APRN article's collaborative-relationship rule was repealed in 1984, and prescribing runs directly between the board and the nurse on APRN designation plus 15 contact hours of advanced pharmacology, with no physician in the chain. | 12 AAC 44.410, 44.430, 44.435, 44.440 (APRN article — collaboration rule repealed; scope and prescriptive authority) Sep 8, 2026 |
| Arizona | The cited rules do not settle this — they establish only that a registered nurse practitioner may diagnose and may prescribe, administer and dispense legend drugs and devices within NP scope; they say nothing about whether a supervising physician is required. | A.R.S. §32-1601(23) Jul 26, 2026 |
| Arkansas | Only with full independent practice authority — unencumbered Arkansas license, active prescriptive authority certificate, and 6,240 practice hours approved by the Board of Nursing; until then a collaborative practice agreement with protocols applies. | 17 CAR § 123-702 (Full practice authority — certified nurse practitioner or clinical nurse specialist) Sep 8, 2026 |
| California | Only if the NP qualifies under AB 890 and works in one of the specified settings — no standardized procedures needed, and no aesthetic carve-out; but for elective cosmetic laser or IPL a trained physician must still be immediately available. | Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code §2837.103 Jul 26, 2026 |
| Colorado | The cited rules do not settle this — prescribing requires separate board-granted APRN authority, limited to the APRN's role and population focus and provisional until 750 mentorship hours; nothing cited sets a general supervision rule for treatment itself. | Colo. Rev. Stat. § 12-255-112(1)(a), (3)(a) Sep 2, 2026 |
| Connecticut | Only after the first three years — an APRN must collaborate with a licensed physician for three years after licensure, under an agreed relationship covering consultation, referral, coverage and patient disclosure; the cited rules add nothing after that. | Conn. Gen. Stat. §20-87a(b)(2)(A) Sep 3, 2026 |
| Delaware | The cited rules do not settle this — they define a nurse practitioner as an APRN licensed as an independent practitioner who may diagnose, prescribe and order, but leave independent practice authority as something the Board of Nursing grants or restricts. | 24 Del. C. §1902(b) Sep 3, 2026 |
| District of Columbia | Not directly — the cited rules let a trained APRN perform procedures below the stratum corneum without physician authorization and bar reading the medical practice act to limit APRN duties; they don't address whether a collaboration agreement is required. | D.C. Code §3-1201.02(7)(C) Sep 3, 2026 |
| Florida | No — for aesthetic work an APRN must act within an established protocol kept on site under a supervising physician; the one exception, registered autonomous practice, is limited to family medicine, general pediatrics and general internal medicine. | Fla. Stat. §464.012(3) Jul 26, 2026 |
| Georgia | The consulting physician may have “delegated the authority to perform such examination to a physician assistant in a job description who is a licensed cosmetic laser practitioner, or to an advanced practice registered nurse in a protocol approved by the Board and who is a licensed cosmetic laser practitioner”. | Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. 360-35-.07(1)(a), (2)(a) Sep 8, 2026 |
| Hawaii | The cited rules do not settle this — they define the APRN scope as advanced assessment, diagnosis, prescribing and administering therapeutics within the board-approved category and specialty certification, but say nothing about physician supervision. | Haw. Rev. Stat. § 457-2.7(a)-(b) Sep 8, 2026 |
| Idaho | "Advanced practice registered nurse" means a registered nurse licensed in this state who has gained additional specialized knowledge, skills and experience through a program of study recognized or defined by the board. | Idaho Code §54-1402(1) Sep 3, 2026 |
| Illinois | Yes for general practice — a full practice authority APRN needs no written collaborative agreement, but no operative surgery and local anesthetic only; Class 3b/4 laser, IPL and RF work still needs physician delegation, on-site for ablative. | 225 ILCS 65/65-43 Aug 17, 2026 |
| Indiana | No — an APRN (other than a certified registered nurse anesthetist) must collaborate with a licensed practitioner under a practice agreement or hospital-granted privileges, and prescriptive authority comes only through the Board of Nursing program. | Ind. Code §25-23-1-19.5(b) and (c) Sep 1, 2026 |
| Iowa | The cited rules do not settle general ARNP independent practice — an ARNP may practice to the full extent of their license, but med spa aesthetic services must be delegated and supervised by a medical director, a role a nonphysician licensee may fill. | Iowa Admin. Code r. 481—621.4(4) (Advanced registered nurse practitioners — scope) Sep 4, 2026 |
| Kansas | The cited rules do not settle this — they only require a professional nurse to hold a valid advanced practice registered nurse license before holding out as an APRN, and say nothing about whether an APRN must have a supervising physician. | Kan. Stat. Ann. §65-1130(a) Sep 3, 2026 |
| Kentucky | The cited rules do not settle this — they define nurse practitioner practice as registered nursing plus additional acts, including prescribing drugs and devices subject to board approval, but say nothing about a physician supervision requirement. | Ky. Rev. Stat. §314.011(8) Sep 3, 2026 |
| Louisiana | The cited rules do not settle this — they only define an APRN as a licensed RN nationally certified in an advanced specialty and approved by the nursing board; nothing cited imposes or removes a physician supervision or collaboration requirement. | La. Rev. Stat. §37:913(1) Sep 3, 2026 |
| Maine | A certified nurse practitioner who qualifies as an advanced practice registered nurse must practice, for at least 24 months, under the supervision of a licensed physician or a supervising nurse practitioner or must be employed by a clinic or hospital that has a medical director who is a licensed physician. | 32 M.R.S. §2102(2-A) Sep 3, 2026 |
| Maryland | Yes — within the listed scope: a nurse practitioner may independently assess, diagnose common short-term and chronic stable problems, order and perform diagnostic and therapeutic measures, and prescribe; the cited rule names no supervising physician. | Md. Code Regs. 10.27.07.03(A) (Nurse Practitioner — Scope and Standards of Practice) Sep 3, 2026 |
| Massachusetts | Only for prescribing — after 2 years of supervised practice post-certification (or Board-approved alternative experience), an NP may prescribe and order tests and therapeutics unsupervised; the cited rules do not settle which procedures an NP may perform. | Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 112, § 80E(a) Sep 2, 2026 |
| Michigan | The cited rules do not settle this — they only define an APRN as an RN holding board specialty certification, and separately exempt a certified nurse practitioner from the physician-supervision rule for laser dermatology done in a health care facility. | Mich. Comp. Laws § 333.17201 (scope of this section) Sep 2, 2026 |
| Minnesota | Yes — APRN scope covers advanced assessment, diagnosing, prescribing and ordering with no supervising physician, but only after the NP completes 2,080 hours under a collaborative agreement in a hospital or integrated clinical setting. | Minn. Stat. § 148.171, subd. 13(a) Sep 2, 2026 |
| Mississippi | No — an NP may diagnose and treat only in a collaborative/consultative relationship with an unrestricted Mississippi-licensed physician or dentist under a board-approved protocol; without both, she may not practice as an APRN. | Miss. Code Ann. § 73-15-5(4) Sep 8, 2026 |
| Missouri | "Advanced practice registered nurse" or "APRN", a person who is licensed under the provisions of this chapter to engage in the practice of advanced practice nursing as a certified clinical nurse specialist, certified nurse midwife, certified nurse practitioner, or certified registered nurse anesthetist. | Mo. Rev. Stat. §335.016(2) Sep 3, 2026 |
| Montana | The APRN licensed in Montana may only practice in the role and population focus in which the APRN has current national certification. | Mont. Admin. R. 24.159.1406(1) Sep 8, 2026 |
| Nebraska | The cited rules do not settle this — they only set NP licensure requirements (RN license, accredited graduate program, role exam, 2,000 practice hours) and impose no supervision or collaborative agreement; only the PA rules require a supervising physician. | Neb. Rev. Stat. §38-2317(1) Sep 3, 2026 |
| Nevada | The cited rules do not settle this — the APRN scope provision grants selected medical diagnosis and treatment, bars conduct beyond what the APRN is qualified to perform, and allows prescribing only if separately authorized; it is silent on supervision. | Nev. Rev. Stat. §632.237(2) Sep 3, 2026 |
| New Hampshire | The cited rules do not settle this — they define an APRN only as a registered nurse licensed by the board, and set out an APRN-patient relationship of exam, history, diagnosis, treatment plan and drug documentation, with no supervision requirement stated. | N.H. Rev. Stat. §326-B:2, I Sep 3, 2026 |
| New Jersey | Not for prescribing — an advanced practice nurse must prescribe medications and devices under joint written protocols with a collaborating physician, whose name and license number go on every prescription; ordering treatments and referrals has no such clause. | N.J.A.C. 13:37-7.9(a)-(b), (d)8 (Prescriptive practice) Sep 8, 2026 |
| New Mexico | Yes — an APRN may perform aesthetic procedures within the appropriate population foci, licensure, national certification and education, and may serve as the facility's own clinical supervisor; the cited rules require no supervising physician. | 16.12.14.8(D) NMAC (Education and scope of practice) Sep 4, 2026 |
| New York | The cited rules do not settle this — they describe a certified NP diagnosing and treating in a specialty under a written practice agreement and protocols with a collaborating physician, while letting an NP order and supervise energy-device treatment. | N.Y. Educ. Law §6902(3)(a)(i) Aug 17, 2026 |
| North Carolina | The cited rules do not settle this — they let a nurse practitioner perform the client evaluation and issue the order that a licensed nurse then carries out, but say nothing about whether the NP must itself practice under a supervising physician. | NC Board of Nursing, Cosmetic/Aesthetic Dermatological Procedures Position Statement (rev. 9/2022) Aug 17, 2026 |
| North Dakota | The cited rules do not settle this — they only define a nurse practitioner as an APRN licensed in an approved role and population focus; the sole related rule lets a suitably trained advanced registered nurse supervise certain advanced esthetic services. | N.D.C.C. § 43-12.1-02 (Definition of advanced practice registered nurse) Sep 5, 2026 |
| Ohio | No — an Ohio certified nurse practitioner must practice in collaboration with one or more physicians or podiatrists, within their nursing specialty; the cited rule requires that collaboration, though it does not describe it as on-site supervision. | Ohio Rev. Code §4723.43(B) Aug 17, 2026 |
| Oklahoma | The cited rules do not settle this — they give a nurse practitioner with 6,240 clinical practice hours independent prescriptive authority, subject to the Board's exclusionary formulary, but say nothing about physician supervision of practice itself. | Okla. Stat. tit. 59, § 567.4c(A) (Independent prescriptive authority for APRNs) Sep 5, 2026 |
| Oregon | The cited rules do not settle this — they define nursing practice as autonomous and collaborative and require board licensure, but leave NP scope to board rules not given here; the signed collaboration agreement they impose applies to physician associates. | Or. Rev. Stat. §678.010(9) (“Practice of nursing” defined) Sep 3, 2026 |
| Pennsylvania | Not for prescribing: a Pennsylvania CRNP may prescribe or order treatments only in collaboration with a physician under a written agreement that names a backup physician and is reviewed at least every two years. | 49 Pa. Code §21.283(a) Aug 17, 2026 |
| Rhode Island | Yes — a licensed nurse practitioner is an APRN with an independent, expanded scope covering advanced assessment, diagnosing and prescribing, and may serve as a primary- or acute-care provider of record; the cited rules impose no supervising physician. | R.I. Gen. Laws §5-34-3(1) Sep 3, 2026 |
| South Carolina | No — an APRN may perform medical acts only under a written practice agreement with a physician who agrees to work with and support the NP and that sets out the medical aspects of care, including prescribing; the cited rules do not specify on-site supervision. | S.C. Code §40-33-20 (advanced practice registered nurse) Sep 3, 2026 |
| South Dakota | The cited rules do not settle this — they set out what a certified nurse practitioner may do (advanced assessment, diagnosis, prescribing including Schedule II drugs) but say nothing about whether a supervising or collaborating physician is required. | S.D. Codified Laws §36-9A-12 Sep 3, 2026 |
| Tennessee | The cited rules do not settle this — they set only the physician's side: a physician supervising a certified nurse practitioner who prescribes must hold an unencumbered license. NP scope itself is set by the Board of Nursing, not this chapter. | Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 0880-02-.14(12), referring to 0880-02-.18(1) and 0880-06-.02(1) Sep 2, 2026 |
| Texas | The cited rules do not settle this — they describe an APRN acting independently, under a physician's delegated authority and/or in collaboration; prescribing or ordering a drug or device does require a prescriptive authority agreement with a physician. | Texas BON Position Statement 15.18 (Nurses Carrying out Orders from Advanced Practice Registered Nurses) Sep 8, 2026 |
| Utah | The cited rules do not settle general NP independent practice — for nonablative cosmetic procedures, though, an NP with an unrestricted APRN license may develop the treatment plan, evaluate the patient, and act as the supervisor, with no physician needed. | Utah Admin. Code R156-31b-102(3)-(4) (Definitions) Sep 4, 2026 |
| Vermont | Yes — once an APRN has 24 months and 2,400 hours of active advanced practice in the role and population focus, no collaborating provider agreement is required; before that a formal agreement applies and solo practice is barred. | Vt. Stat. tit. 26, §1613(a)(1) (Transition to practice) Sep 3, 2026 |
| Virginia | Only if the NP meets the statute's subsection I autonomy requirements — otherwise a written or electronic practice agreement for collaboration and consultation with at least one patient care team physician is required, plus the joint APRN license. | Va. Code § 54.1-2957(B) Sep 2, 2026 |
| Washington | The cited rules do not settle this — the ARNP statute names no supervising physician and allows prescribing on board approval, but it hands the expanded scope to nursing board rules not cited here, so whether a cosmetic treatment falls in it is unanswered. | Wash. Rev. Code 18.79.050 Sep 2, 2026 |
| West Virginia | The cited rules do not settle this — they only cover prescribing: an APRN needs 45 pharmacology contact hours and a collaborative agreement with a physician in good standing to get prescriptive authority. Nothing cited addresses treating without one. | W. Va. Code §30-7-15b(a)(3) Sep 3, 2026 |
| Wisconsin | The cited rules do not settle this — nurse practitioner scope sits in ch. 441 and the Board of Nursing's rules, not covered here; these rules only establish that a nurse performing a delegated medical act stays inside the supervising physician's duty. | Wis. Admin. Code ch. Med 10 (scope of this chapter) Sep 2, 2026 |
| Wyoming | The cited rules do not settle this in terms — the APRN definition grants licensed APRNs authority to prescribe, administer and dispense (except Schedule I) plus direct responsibility for patient care, and names no supervising or collaborating physician. | Wyo. Stat. Ann. §33-21-120(a)(i)(A) Sep 3, 2026 |
Every state, in its own words
Alabama
(5) Level 1 Delegate - A Level 1 Delegate is an assistant to physicians (PA) as defined in Ala. Code § 34-24-290, a certified registered nurse practitioner, or registered nurse (RN) authorized in a written job description or protocol to use a specific laser/pulsed light device or other energy source, chemical or other modality for non-ablative procedures, as designated in the written job description or protocol, and who has met the educational requirements for a Level 1 Delegate stated in these rules.
Ala. Admin. Code r. 540-X-11-.02(5) (definition of “Level 1 Delegate”) · verified Sep 4, 2026
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ALASKA ANSWERS THIS BY WHAT ITS RULE BOOK NO LONGER CONTAINS. The slot in the advanced-practice article that would carry a physician-collaboration requirement reads, in full, “12 AAC 44.410. Collaborative relationship. Repealed 12/1/84.” — as does “12 AAC 44.435. Advanced nurse practitioner in remote location. Repealed 12/1/84.” Prescribing runs between the board and the nurse with no physician in the chain: “The board may authorize an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) to prescribe and dispense legend drugs in accordance with applicable state and federal laws”, on the nurse’s own application, current APRN designation and 15 contact hours of advanced pharmacology. Scope is set the same way — the board “recognizes advanced and specialized acts of nursing practice as those described in the scope of practice statements published by national professional nursing associations recognized by the board”. These claims survey 12 AAC 44.400 through 44.480, the APRN article; they do not survey the rest of Title 12.
12 AAC 44.410, 44.430, 44.435, 44.440 (APRN article — collaboration rule repealed; scope and prescriptive authority) · verified Sep 8, 2026
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A registered nurse practitioner may diagnose and may prescribe, administer, and dispense legend drugs and devices within the NP scope — so an NP may both order and administer cosmetic injectables.
A.R.S. §32-1601(23) · verified Jul 26, 2026
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ARKANSAS IS A TWO-TIER STATE, AND THE HOURS ARE THE GATE. A certified nurse practitioner or clinical nurse specialist reaches FULL INDEPENDENT PRACTICE AUTHORITY only after being currently licensed in Arkansas with no encumbrance on any nursing license in any jurisdiction, holding an active prescriptive authority certificate, and having “Completed a minimum of six thousand two hundred forty (6,240) hours of practice: (A) Under a board-required agreement with a physician; or (B) In another state, territory, or foreign country that authorizes a certified nurse practitioner or a clinical nurse specialist to practice with prescriptive authority”. The application goes to the Arkansas State Board of Nursing or its Full Independent Practice Credentialing Committee with an affidavit of those hours.
17 CAR § 123-702 (Full practice authority — certified nurse practitioner or clinical nurse specialist) · verified Sep 8, 2026
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AB 890 permits a qualifying nurse practitioner to practice in specified settings without standardized procedures, and bars the listed entities from interfering with or directing that nurse practitioner’s professional judgment in a manner prohibited by Section 2400. It creates no carve-out for aesthetic practice.
Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code §2837.103 · verified Jul 26, 2026 · read at Public.Law — California Codes
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Prescriptive authority is not part of APRN registration; the board grants it separately to an APRN on the advanced practice registry whose license is in good standing without disciplinary sanctions and who has met the requirements of § 12-255-112. Authority extends to prescribing “TO PROVIDE TREATMENT TO CLIENTS WITHIN THE ROLE AND POPULATION FOCUS OF THE ADVANCED PRACTICE REGISTERED NURSE” — so a pediatric focus is not a warrant to prescribe cosmetically to adults.
Colo. Rev. Stat. § 12-255-112(1)(a), (3)(a) · verified Sep 2, 2026
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An advanced practice registered nurse having been issued a license pursuant to section 20-94a shall, for the first three years after having been issued such license, collaborate with a physician licensed to practice medicine in this state. In all settings, such advanced practice registered nurse may, in collaboration with a physician licensed to practice medicine in this state, prescribe, dispense and administer medical therapeutics and corrective measures.
Conn. Gen. Stat. §20-87a(b)(2)(A) · verified Sep 3, 2026
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Advanced practice nursing is an expanded scope of nursing licensed as an independent licensed practitioner in a role and population focus approved by the Board of Nursing, with or without compensation or personal profit, and includes the RN scope of practice. The scope of an APRN includes performing acts of advanced assessment, diagnosing, prescribing, and ordering.
24 Del. C. §1902(b) · verified Sep 3, 2026
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Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed as preventing or restricting advanced practice registered nurses from performing their duties as advanced practice registered nurses.
D.C. Code §3-1201.02(7)(C) · verified Sep 3, 2026
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An APRN performs authorized functions within the framework of an established protocol maintained on-site, unless the APRN is registered for autonomous practice.
Fla. Stat. §464.012(3) · verified Jul 26, 2026
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GEORGIA LETS AN ADVANCED PRACTICE REGISTERED NURSE STAND IN FOR THE PHYSICIAN AT THE COSMETIC-LASER EXAMINATION, BUT ONLY BY DELEGATION AND ONLY UNDER A BOARD-APPROVED PROTOCOL. The consulting physician may have “delegated the authority to perform such examination to a physician assistant in a job description who is a licensed cosmetic laser practitioner, or to an advanced practice registered nurse in a protocol approved by the Board and who is a licensed cosmetic laser practitioner”. In a physician office the same delegation runs “by an advanced practice registered nurse in a protocol approved by the Board”. The authority is derived from the physician in both settings; the rule states no route by which the nurse holds it independently.
Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. 360-35-.07(1)(a), (2)(a) · verified Sep 8, 2026
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Practice as an advanced practice registered nurse means the scope of nursing in a category approved by the board, regardless of compensation or personal profit, and includes the registered nurse scope of practice. The scope of an advanced practice registered nurse includes but is not limited to advanced assessment; telehealth; and the diagnosis, prescription, selection, and administration of therapeutic measures including over the counter drugs, legend drugs, and controlled substances within the advanced practice registered nurse's role and specialty-appropriate education and certification. (b) The advanced practice registered nurse's scope of practice supersedes the registered nurse's scope of practice.
Haw. Rev. Stat. § 457-2.7(a)-(b) · verified Sep 8, 2026
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"Advanced practice registered nurse" means a registered nurse licensed in this state who has gained additional specialized knowledge, skills and experience through a program of study recognized or defined by the board. An advanced practice registered nurse is authorized to perform advanced nursing practice, which may include the prescribing, administering and dispensing of therapeutic pharmacologic agents, as defined by board rules.
Idaho Code §54-1402(1) · verified Sep 3, 2026
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An advanced practice registered nurse with full practice authority may practice without a written collaborative agreement in all settings consistent with national certification, and may prescribe legend drugs and Schedule II to V controlled substances. That authority expressly does not include operative surgery, and extends to the use of local anesthetic only.
225 ILCS 65/65-43 · verified Aug 17, 2026
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An advanced practice registered nurse may prescribe drugs, including controlled substances, only under authority granted through a program the Board of Nursing establishes. That authority expires on October 31 of the odd-numbered year following the year it was granted or renewed, and is renewable indefinitely for successive two-year periods.
Ind. Code §25-23-1-19.5(b) and (c) · verified Sep 1, 2026
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An ARNP has the authority to practice to the full extent of the ARNP’s license, education, and experience in the ARNP’s respective population foci.
Iowa Admin. Code r. 481—621.4(4) (Advanced registered nurse practitioners — scope) · verified Sep 4, 2026
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No professional nurse shall announce or represent to the public that such person is an advanced practice registered nurse unless such professional nurse has complied with requirements established by the board and holds a valid license as an advanced practice registered nurse in accordance with the provisions of this section.
Kan. Stat. Ann. §65-1130(a) · verified Sep 3, 2026
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"Advanced practice registered nursing" means the performance of additional acts by registered nurses who have gained advanced clinical knowledge and skills through an accredited education program that prepares the registered nurse for one of the four APRN roles; who are certified by the American Nurses' Association or other nationally established organizations or agencies recognized by the board to certify registered nurses for advanced practice registered nursing as a certified nurse practitioner, certified registered nurse anesthetist, certified nurse midwife, or clinical nurse specialist. The additional acts shall, subject to approval of the board, include but not be limited to prescribing treatment, drugs, devices, and ordering diagnostic tests.
Ky. Rev. Stat. §314.011(8) · verified Sep 3, 2026
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"Advanced practice registered nurse" or "APRN" means a licensed registered nurse who is certified by a nationally recognized certifying body, such as the American Nurses Credentialing Center, as having an advanced nursing specialty as described in this Part and who meets the criteria for an advanced practice registered nurse as established by the board.
La. Rev. Stat. §37:913(1) · verified Sep 3, 2026
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A certified nurse practitioner who qualifies as an advanced practice registered nurse must practice, for at least 24 months, under the supervision of a licensed physician or a supervising nurse practitioner or must be employed by a clinic or hospital that has a medical director who is a licensed physician. The certified nurse practitioner shall submit written evidence to the board upon completion of the required clinical experience.
32 M.R.S. §2102(2-A) · verified Sep 3, 2026
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A nurse practitioner may independently perform the following functions: a comprehensive physical assessment of patients; establish medical diagnosis for common short-term and chronic stable health problems; order, perform, and interpret laboratory and diagnostic tests; order and perform diagnostic, therapeutic, and corrective measures; prescribe drugs; provide emergency care; and refer patients to appropriate licensed physicians or other health care providers.
Md. Code Regs. 10.27.07.03(A) (Nurse Practitioner — Scope and Standards of Practice) · verified Sep 3, 2026
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✅ MASSACHUSETTS ALREADY GRANTS NURSE PRACTITIONERS INDEPENDENT PRACTICE AUTHORITY — THIS IS SETTLED LAW, NOT A PENDING CHANGE. “A NURSE PRACTITIONER OR PSYCHIATRIC NURSE MENTAL HEALTH CLINICAL SPECIALIST SHALL HAVE INDEPENDENT PRACTICE AUTHORITY TO ISSUE WRITTEN PRESCRIPTIONS AND MEDICATION ORDERS AND ORDER TESTS AND THERAPEUTICS WITHOUT THE SUPERVISION DESCRIBED IN THIS SUBSECTION IF THE NURSE PRACTITIONER OR PSYCHIATRIC NURSE MENTAL HEALTH CLINICAL SPECIALIST HAS COMPLETED NOT LESS THAN 2 YEARS OF SUPERVISED PRACTICE FOLLOWING CERTIFICATION FROM A BOARD-RECOGNIZED CERTIFYING BODY.”
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 112, § 80E(a) · verified Sep 2, 2026
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⚠️ § 17201 defines what an advanced practice registered nurse IS in Michigan; it does not settle whether one may practice or prescribe without physician involvement. Michigan routes prescriptive and delegated authority through § 333.16215 and the specialty-certification rules, and this corpus has not yet read the provisions that govern an APRN’s independence — so do not read the definition below as an answer to that question.
Mich. Comp. Laws § 333.17201 (scope of this section) · verified Sep 2, 2026 · read at Internet Archive snapshot — evidence of a page, not the current rule
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The scope of advanced practice registered nursing INCLUDES PERFORMING ACTS OF ADVANCED ASSESSMENT, DIAGNOSING, PRESCRIBING, AND ORDERING, and the practice includes functioning as a PRIMARY CARE PROVIDER. Scope and practice standards are defined by the national professional nursing organizations specific to the role and population focus — Minnesota delegates the content of APRN scope rather than enumerating it.
Minn. Stat. § 148.171, subd. 13(a) · verified Sep 2, 2026
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The advanced practice registered nurse may diagnose, treat and manage medical conditions. This may include prescriptive authority as identified by the board. Advanced practice registered nurses must practice in a collaborative/consultative relationship with a physician or dentist with an unrestricted license to practice in the State of Mississippi and within the framework of a standing protocol or practice guidelines.
Miss. Code Ann. § 73-15-5(4) · verified Sep 8, 2026
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"Advanced practice registered nurse" or "APRN", a person who is licensed under the provisions of this chapter to engage in the practice of advanced practice nursing as a certified clinical nurse specialist, certified nurse midwife, certified nurse practitioner, or certified registered nurse anesthetist.
Mo. Rev. Stat. §335.016(2) · verified Sep 3, 2026
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The APRN licensed in Montana may only practice in the role and population focus in which the APRN has current national certification. APRN practice is an independent and/or collaborative practice and may include: (a) establishing medical and nursing diagnoses, treating, and managing patients with acute and chronic illnesses and diseases; and (b) providing initial, ongoing, and comprehensive care, including: (i) physical examinations, health assessments, and/or other screening activities; (ii) prescribing legend and controlled substances when prescriptive authority is successfully applied for and obtained;
Mont. Admin. R. 24.159.1406(1) · verified Sep 8, 2026
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An applicant for licensure to practice as a nurse practitioner shall have a license as a registered nurse in Nebraska or authority under the Nurse Licensure Compact; evidence of having successfully completed a graduate-level program in the clinical specialty area of nurse practitioner practice accredited by a national accrediting body; proof of having passed an examination pertaining to the specific nurse practitioner role; and evidence of completion of two thousand hours of practice as a nurse practitioner.
Neb. Rev. Stat. §38-2317(1) · verified Sep 3, 2026
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An advanced practice registered nurse may engage in selected medical diagnosis and treatment; order home health care for a patient; if authorized pursuant to NRS 639.2351 and subject to the limitations set forth in subsection 3, prescribe controlled substances, poisons, dangerous drugs and devices.
Nev. Rev. Stat. §632.237(2) · verified Sep 3, 2026
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Advanced practice registered nurse or APRN means a registered nurse currently licensed by the board under RSA 326-B:18.
N.H. Rev. Stat. §326-B:2, I · verified Sep 3, 2026
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NEW JERSEY PUTS THE COLLABORATING PHYSICIAN ON EVERY PRESCRIPTION, WHICH IS THE CLEAREST ANSWER A RULE CAN GIVE. “An advanced practice nurse may prescribe or order medications and devices and shall do so in conformity with the provisions of this subchapter, N.J.S.A. 45:11-45 et seq., and written protocols for the prescription of medications and devices jointly developed by the advanced practice nurse and the collaborating physician”. Each prescription blank must carry “The full name, title, address, telephone number, and license number of the collaborating physician” alongside the nurse’s own. Treatments and referrals are on a looser footing — “An advanced practice nurse may prescribe or order treatments, including referrals”, without the joint-protocol clause attached.
N.J.A.C. 13:37-7.9(a)-(b), (d)8 (Prescriptive practice) · verified Sep 8, 2026 · read at Cornell Legal Information Institute
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Scope of practice for APRNs may include aesthetic healthcare procedures with the appropriate population foci , licensure, national APRN certification and education.
16.12.14.8(D) NMAC (Education and scope of practice) · verified Sep 4, 2026
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A certified nurse practitioner may diagnose illness and physical conditions and perform therapeutic and corrective measures within a specialty area, in collaboration with a physician qualified to collaborate in that specialty, under a written practice agreement and written practice protocols. Where the agreement does not resolve a disagreement over diagnosis or treatment, the collaborating physician’s view prevails.
N.Y. Educ. Law §6902(3)(a)(i) · verified Aug 17, 2026
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It is within the scope of practice of a licensed nurse (RN and LPN) to perform cosmetic and aesthetic dermatological procedures — expressly including neuromodulator and dermal filler injections, chemical peels, sclerotherapy, micropigmentation, light treatments, microdermabrasion and laser for aesthetics and hair removal — when prescribed or ordered by a physician, nurse practitioner, physician assistant or other practitioner with prescriptive authority acting within their legal scope.
NC Board of Nursing, Cosmetic/Aesthetic Dermatological Procedures Position Statement (rev. 9/2022) · verified Aug 17, 2026
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means an individual who holds a current license to practice in this state as an advanced practice registered nurse within one of the roles of certified nurse practitioner, certified registered nurse anesthetist, certified nurse midwife, or certified clinical nurse specialist, and who functions in one of the population foci as approved by the board
N.D.C.C. § 43-12.1-02 (Definition of advanced practice registered nurse) · verified Sep 5, 2026
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A certified nurse practitioner, in collaboration with one or more physicians or podiatrists, may provide preventive and primary care services, provide services for acute illnesses, and evaluate and promote patient wellness within the nurse’s nursing specialty, and may prescribe drugs and therapeutic devices, within limits consistent with their education and certification.
Ohio Rev. Code §4723.43(B) · verified Aug 17, 2026
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An Advanced Practice Registered Nurse recognized by the Oklahoma Board of Nursing as a Certified Nurse Practitioner, Clinical Nurse Specialist, or Certified Nurse - Midwife who has completed a minimum of six thousand two hundred forty (6,240) clinical practice hours with prescriptive author
Okla. Stat. tit. 59, § 567.4c(A) (Independent prescriptive authority for APRNs) · verified Sep 5, 2026
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Practice of nursing means autonomous and collaborative care of persons of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick and well, and in all settings to promote health and safety, including prevention and treatment of illness and management of changes throughout a person’s life. Practice of nursing includes executing medical orders prescribed by a physician, dentist, clinical nurse specialist, nurse practitioner, certified registered nurse anesthetist or other licensed health care provider authorized by the board by rule to issue orders for medical treatment.
Or. Rev. Stat. §678.010(9) (“Practice of nursing” defined) · verified Sep 3, 2026
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A certified registered nurse practitioner with prescriptive authority approval may prescribe and dispense drugs and give written or oral orders for drugs and other therapeutic or corrective measures only when acting in collaboration with a physician as set out in a prescriptive authority collaborative agreement, and only within the CRNP’s own certified specialty.
49 Pa. Code §21.283(a) · verified Aug 17, 2026 · read at Cornell Legal Information Institute
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“Advanced practice registered nurse” (APRN) is the title given to an individual licensed to practice advanced practice registered nursing within one of the following roles: certified nurse practitioner (CNP), certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA) as defined in chapter 34.2 of this title, or certified clinical nurse specialist (CNS), and who functions in a population focus. An APRN may serve as a primary- or acute-care provider of record.
R.I. Gen. Laws §5-34-3(1) · verified Sep 3, 2026
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An APRN also may perform specified medical acts pursuant to a practice agreement as defined in item (45).
S.C. Code §40-33-20 (advanced practice registered nurse) · verified Sep 3, 2026
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In addition to the registered nurse scope of practice, as defined in §36-9-3, and within the certified nurse practitioner role and population focus, a certified nurse practitioner may perform the following advanced practice registered nursing scope: conduct an advanced assessment; order and interpret diagnostic procedures; establish primary and differential diagnoses; and prescribe, order, administer, and furnish therapeutic measures.
S.D. Codified Laws §36-9A-12 · verified Sep 3, 2026
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A physician supervising a certified nurse practitioner who writes prescriptions must hold AN UNENCUMBERED LICENSE, the rule stating this is the same requirement already applying to physicians who supervise physician assistants. Tennessee sets one supervisory standard across both roles rather than two.
Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 0880-02-.14(12), referring to 0880-02-.18(1) and 0880-06-.02(1) · verified Sep 2, 2026
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The APRN acts independently, under the delegated authority of a physician and/or in collaboration with other health care professionals in the delivery of health care services, and APRNs utilize mechanisms, including protocols, prescriptive authority agreements, or other written authorization, that provide them with the authority to provide medical aspects of care, including the ordering of dangerous drugs, controlled substances, or devices that bear a federal prescription legend.
Texas BON Position Statement 15.18 (Nurses Carrying out Orders from Advanced Practice Registered Nurses) · verified Sep 8, 2026
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"APRN" means advanced practice registered nurse. (4) "APRN-CRNA" means advanced practice registered nurse with registered nurse anesthetist certification.
Utah Admin. Code R156-31b-102(3)-(4) (Definitions) · verified Sep 4, 2026
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An APRN with fewer than 24 months and 2,400 hours of licensed active advanced nursing practice in an initial role and population focus, or fewer than 12 months and 1,600 hours for any additional role and population focus, shall have a formal agreement with a collaborating provider as required by Board rule.
Vt. Stat. tit. 26, §1613(a)(1) (Transition to practice) · verified Sep 3, 2026
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An advanced practice registered nurse requires a JOINT license from the Board of Medicine and the Board of Nursing, and it is unlawful to practice as one in the Commonwealth without it. Virginia does not treat advanced practice as a certification layered on a nursing license; it is its own joint license.
Va. Code § 54.1-2957(B) · verified Sep 2, 2026
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Advanced registered nursing practice means the acts of a registered nurse plus an expanded role “the scope of which is defined by rule by the board”, and on board approval an ARNP may prescribe legend drugs and controlled substances in Schedule V, and Schedules II through IV subject to statutory conditions. The statute grants the authority and hands the scope to the nursing board.
Wash. Rev. Code 18.79.050 · verified Sep 2, 2026
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An advanced practice registered nurse shall be eligible to apply for authorization to prescribe drugs pursuant to section fifteen-a of this article after having completed forty-five contact hours of education in pharmacology and clinical management of drug therapy under a program approved by the board, fifteen hours of which shall have been completed within the two-year period immediately prior to entering into a prerequisite collaborative relationship.
W. Va. Code §30-7-15b(a)(3) · verified Sep 3, 2026
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⚠️ The scope of registered nursing and of advanced practice nursing in Wisconsin is set by ch. 441, Stats., and the Board of Nursing’s own rules — not by ch. 448 or Med 10. This corpus has not read that chapter, so nothing here states whether a Wisconsin nurse practitioner may practice without physician involvement.
Wis. Admin. Code ch. Med 10 (scope of this chapter) · verified Sep 2, 2026
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"Advanced practice registered nurse (APRN)" means a nurse who may prescribe, administer, dispense or provide nonprescriptive and prescriptive medications including prepackaged medications, except schedule I drugs as defined in W.S. 35-7-1013 and 35-7-1014.
Wyo. Stat. Ann. §33-21-120(a)(i)(A) · verified Sep 3, 2026
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