Can a physician assistant inject or prescribe, state by state
The same question, answered for 51 states from each state’s own law. States disagree on this, which is the point — an answer that is right in one is wrong next door. Every entry below is a statute or board rule we verified, most recently Sep 8, 2026.
Who treats · part of The Practice Perimeter
| State | What its rule says | Cited to |
|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Only under physician delegation — a licensed, registered PA may order and perform therapeutic procedures at the direction and under a Board-approved physician's supervision, never independently; the cited rules do not settle prescribing authority. | Ala. Admin. Code r. 540-X-7-.27(2)–(3) (Prohibited activities and functions — physician assistants) Sep 8, 2026 |
| Alaska | Yes — but only under a collaborative plan filed with the division: a PA may not practice at all without at least one collaborative relationship, and prescriptive authority exists only to the extent the collaborating physician grants it in that plan. | 12 AAC 40.410(a) (A physician assistant may not practice without a collaborative relationship) Sep 5, 2026 |
| Arizona | The cited rules do not settle this — they establish only that a PA may be the direct supervisor for a medical assistant's injections, meaning present in the same room or office suite; no cited rule grants a PA their own authority to inject or prescribe. | A.R.S. §32-1401(8) Sep 1, 2026 |
| Arkansas | The cited rules do not settle this — they only require that a supervising or back-up physician be available for immediate telephone contact whenever the PA is rendering services, and say nothing about the PA's authority to inject or prescribe. | 17 CAR § 140-1806 (Availability of supervising physician) Sep 4, 2026 |
| California | Yes — a PA may inject under a delegation of services agreement with a physician in the facility or immediately available electronically, but only if cosmetic medicine is part of that physician's own customary practice; one physician may supervise four PAs. | Medical Board of California — Medical Spas: What You Need to Know (Physician Assistants) Sep 1, 2026 |
| Colorado | The cited rules do not settle this — they require a PA to have a collaborative agreement with a physician actively practicing in Colorado, signed by both and covering collaboration and performance evaluation, but say nothing on injecting or prescribing. | Colo. Rev. Stat. § 12-240-114.5(2)(a) Sep 8, 2026 |
| Connecticut | Yes — a PA the spa employs or contracts with may perform cosmetic injections if trained and experienced, and delegated functions require a written delegation agreement with a supervising physician; a PA on a temporary permit may not prescribe or dispense. | Conn. Gen. Stat. §19a-903c(b) (Medical spas) Sep 3, 2026 |
| Delaware | Yes — a PA may prescribe, under a written collaborative agreement or, with 6,000+ postgraduate hours and granted independent practice authority, without one; injecting isn't named, so it turns on the scope set by the PA's education, training, and experience. | 24 Del. C. §1770A(4) Sep 3, 2026 |
| District of Columbia | Yes, for injecting — a physician assistant may perform procedures below the stratum corneum if the procedure is authorized by a licensed physician or the PA has the training and experience to do it safely; the cited rules do not address PA prescribing. | D.C. Code §3-1201.02(7)(B) Sep 3, 2026 |
| Florida | There is one narrow exit, and it is narrower than it looks. | Fla. Stat. §458.348(3)(e) Sep 1, 2026 |
| Georgia | Only by delegation — a PA acts under a Board-approved physician assistant job description and may order drugs (select a drug or treatment) under it, but that ordering does not authorize issuing a written prescription; the cited rules don't address injecting. | Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. 360-35-.02(2) Aug 17, 2026 |
| Hawaii | Yes for injecting — a PA may perform therapeutic procedures as the agent of a supervising physician who delegates them; the cited rules don't spell out separate prescribing authority, though nurses may carry out a PA's orders as that physician's agent. | Haw. Admin. R. § 16-85-49.1(a)-(b) Sep 8, 2026 |
| Idaho | The cited rules do not settle this — they establish only that a PA works under a supervising physician, whose failure to supervise is grounds for medical discipline; no cited rule grants or limits a PA's authority to inject or prescribe. | Idaho Code §54-1814(17) Sep 3, 2026 |
| Illinois | The cited rules do not settle this — they only preserve a physician assistant's own licensed scope under the laser rule, and then only for PAs working under written guidelines; no cited rule sets out PA injection or prescribing authority in Illinois. | 68 Ill. Adm. Code 1285.336(c) Aug 17, 2026 |
| Indiana | Yes for prescribing — only if the collaborating physician delegates it, covering legend drugs and medical devices; the cited rules do not settle whether a PA may inject; such a PA may be a med spa's responsible practitioner. | Ind. Code §25-27.5-5-6 Jul 26, 2026 |
| Iowa | The cited rules do not settle this — they establish only that practicing as a PA requires a license, and that a physician holding an active Iowa license who is actively practicing here is eligible to supervise a PA. No injecting or prescribing scope is stated. | Iowa Admin. Code r. 481—659.1 (Physician supervision of a physician associate) Sep 4, 2026 |
| Kansas | Yes — but only in a dependent role: a Kansas PA may perform acts constituting the practice of medicine and surgery only under a physician's direction and supervision and to the extent that physician authorizes, and may prescribe only under a written agreement. | Kan. Stat. Ann. § 65-28a08(a), (b)(1) Sep 8, 2026 |
| Kentucky | Only if a board-approved supervising physician has a signed supervision agreement in effect listing the service in the PA's scope and the level of supervision — no PA may render any medical service without it. The cited rules add no separate prescribing terms. | Ky. Rev. Stat. §311.854(3) Sep 3, 2026 |
| Louisiana | Yes — a PA may prescribe, order, and administer drugs and inject local anesthetic subcutaneously, but only as delegated by the supervising physician; perineural, epidural, intrathecal, or IV local anesthetics are off limits unless the PA is also a CRNA. | La. Rev. Stat. § 37:1360.31(A)(2), (C)(1) (Services performed by physician assistants) Sep 8, 2026 |
| Maine | The cited rules do not settle injecting or prescribing — they set only the structure: a physician associate with under 4,000 documented clinical hours needs a board-approved collaborative agreement, or a facility credentialing and scope-of-practice system. | 32 M.R.S. §3270-G(5) Sep 3, 2026 |
| Maryland | The cited rules do not settle this — they only confirm a physician assistant may delegate duties to unlicensed persons as Board rules permit; the injection supervision tiers govern unlicensed "assistants," not PAs, and no cited rule states PA scope. | Md. Code, Health Occ. §14-306(a)-(b) Sep 3, 2026 |
| Massachusetts | What a physician assistant may do is set by their own training rather than by a list: depending upon their level of professional training and experience as determined by a supervising physician, they may perform medical services of a general nature and may order tests and therapeutics in private practice, group… | Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 112, § 9E Sep 1, 2026 |
| Michigan | Yes — but only under a written practice agreement with a participating physician, which cannot assign any act outside the PA's license scope; the board may restrict high-risk services and rules may bar certain drug classes from PA prescribing. | Mich. Comp. Laws § 333.17047 (Practice agreement required; contents) Sep 8, 2026 |
| Minnesota | Yes — a Minnesota PA may prescribe, administer, and dispense drugs, controlled substances, and medical devices, and order or perform therapeutic procedures, but only under an established practice agreement; the agreement is the condition, not optional. | Minn. Stat. § 147A.09, subd. 1–2 Sep 8, 2026 |
| Mississippi | Yes — a PA licensed by the Board of Medical Licensure may administer and prescribe drugs as delegated by the supervising physician and within the PA's training; PAs on an initial Mississippi license need on-site physician supervision for 120 days (960 hours). | Miss. Code Ann. § 73-26-3(1) Sep 8, 2026 |
| Missouri | Prescribing, yes — but only pursuant to a collaborative practice arrangement with a physician. On injecting, the cited rules do not settle it: the PA scope covers "routine therapeutic procedures" and trained tasks under a CPA, without naming injectables. | Mo. Rev. Stat. §334.735.2 Sep 3, 2026 |
| Montana | Yes — a board-licensed PA practices medicine and may inject and prescribe within the scope they are educationally prepared for and competent in; a PA with fewer than 8,000 hours of postgraduate clinical experience must work under a collaborative agreement. | Mont. Code Ann. § 37-20-301 Sep 8, 2026 |
| Nebraska | Yes for prescribing — a PA under a collaborative agreement with a supervising physician may prescribe drugs and devices (DEA registration for controlled substances) and initiate a therapeutic regimen; the cited rules don't separately address injecting. | Neb. Rev. Stat. § 38-2055(1)-(3) (Physician assistants; prescribe drugs and devices) Sep 8, 2026 |
| Nevada | Yes — a PA licensed under NRS chapter 630 or 633 may inject dermal or soft tissue fillers if within their own scope and done at a medical facility or a physician, PA, dentist, APRN or podiatrist office; the cited rules don't settle PA prescribing. | Nev. Rev. Stat. §629.086(1)(a)(1), (1)(a)(4), (1)(b)-(c) Sep 3, 2026 |
| New Hampshire | The cited rules do not settle scope — they set only supervision: a physician associate under 8,000 post-graduate clinical hours with no NH physician in the practice needs a written collaboration agreement; over 8,000 hours, apply to the board for a waiver. | N.H. Rev. Stat. §328-D:3-b, I(a)–(b) Sep 8, 2026 |
| New Jersey | The cited rules do not settle this — they only list physician assistants among the licensed providers a physician may direct to administer modalities, and the physician must still examine the patient, choose the modality, vet the PA and supervise. | N.J.A.C. 13:35-6.14(a) Aug 17, 2026 |
| New Mexico | Yes — a PA may inject whatever falls within their own education and experience, as narrowed by the named supervising physician's direction; there is no procedure list. The cited rules do not separately settle prescribing authority. | 16.10.15.16 and 16.10.15.17 NMAC (Scope of practice; practice limitations) Sep 8, 2026 |
| New York | Yes — a PA may inject and prescribe only as medical services assigned under a supervising physician's continuous supervision and within that physician's own scope; the physician need not be on site, and may supervise no more than six PAs in private practice. | N.Y. Educ. Law §6542 Aug 17, 2026 |
| North Carolina | Yes — a PA may perform medical acts at a physician's direction and under supervision per board rules, and is a practitioner with prescriptive authority who can evaluate the patient and order or prescribe cosmetic injectables for a nurse to perform. | N.C. Gen. Stat. §55B-14(c)(3) and (c)(5) Sep 1, 2026 |
| North Dakota | The cited rules do not settle this — they require an active North Dakota PA license (or privilege under chapter 43-17.5) and bar a PA from services reserved to other license chapters, but set no injecting or prescribing scope for physician assistants. | N.D.C.C. § 43-17-02.1(1) (Physician assistant — scope of practice) Sep 5, 2026 |
| Ohio | The cited rules do not settle this — they only cover delegating light-based device work (vascular lasers, hair removal) to a PA under an effective supervision agreement who meets Chapter 4730 training, and say nothing about injecting or prescribing. | Ohio Admin. Code 4731-18-03 · Ohio Rev. Code §4730.21 Aug 17, 2026 |
| Oklahoma | The cited rules do not settle this — they only establish that a PA's delegated care runs under orders and protocols the supervising physician formulates or approves and regularly reviews, with contact by phone or telemedicine rather than physical presence. | Okla. Stat. tit. 59, § 519.6 (Supervision in all patient care settings) Sep 5, 2026 |
| Oregon | Only under a collaboration agreement — a physician associate may not practice medicine without one signed by a physician, podiatric physician or employer. The cited rules address PA prescribing only in the telemedicine context and say nothing about injecting. | Or. Rev. Stat. §677.510(2)(a) Sep 3, 2026 |
| Pennsylvania | The cited rules do not settle this — the physician delegation rule expressly does not limit physician assistants, leaving them to their own statutes and regulations, which are not among the rules cited here (only CRNP prescriptive authority is set out). | 49 Pa. Code §18.402 Aug 17, 2026 |
| Rhode Island | Yes — Rhode Island PAs practice in collaboration with a physician and may provide any medical or surgical service within their own skills, education, and training, including prescribing, administering, procuring, and dispensing drugs and medical devices. | R.I. Gen. Laws §5-54-8(a) Sep 3, 2026 |
| South Carolina | Only if it's in the physician's written scope of practice guidelines — a PA may perform any function the supervising physician performs if the PA is qualified, and the physician stays responsible; the cited rules don't separately address prescribing. | S.C. Code §40-47-955(A)–(B) Sep 8, 2026 |
| South Dakota | Yes — a PA may order and perform therapeutic procedures and prescribe, dispense and administer devices and legend or prescription drugs outside the excluded schedule, within what their education, training and experience make them competent to do. | S.D. Codified Laws §36-4A-26.1 Sep 3, 2026 |
| Tennessee | The cited rules do not settle this — they set only supervision terms: a supervising physician or arranged substitute with a current unencumbered Tennessee license must be available for consultation at all times, and on site for a temporary-licensed PA. | Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 0880-02-.18(1) and (2) Sep 2, 2026 |
| Texas | Yes — a PA may perform injections and prescribe as services delegated by a supervising physician, within the PA's training and delineated by the physician's protocols; prescribing also requires a separate written prescriptive authority agreement. | Tex. Occ. Code § 204.202(a)-(b), (e) (Scope of practice) Sep 8, 2026 |
| Utah | Yes for injecting — a PA with an unrestricted license may perform nonablative cosmetic procedures under supervision per the Utah Physician Assistant Act, and may set the treatment plan and evaluate the patient; the cited rules don't settle PA prescribing. | Utah Admin. Code R156-31b-102 (Definitions — who may direct an LPN) Sep 4, 2026 |
| Vermont | Yes — within the limits of the PA license and after an appropriate patient examination, but only while practicing under a written practice agreement with a participating physician in a similar or related specialty, unless a statutory exception applies. | 26 V.S.A. § 1735a(a) Sep 8, 2026 |
| Virginia | The cited rules do not settle this — they only exempt PAs from the six-subject laser hair removal training when a doctor delegates that procedure; any prescription written in Virginia still needs a bona fide practitioner-patient relationship, exam included. | 18 Va. Admin. Code § 85-20-91(C) Sep 2, 2026 |
| Washington | Yes for injecting — a physician may delegate nonsurgical cosmetic procedures to a properly trained PA, and a PA may use an LLRP device with a participating physician's consent and required training. The cited rules do not settle PA prescribing authority. | Wash. Admin. Code 246-918-125(4) and (5) Sep 2, 2026 |
| West Virginia | Only with a collaborating physician — a PA may never practice independently, and may perform medical acts only within their education, training and experience and the collaborating physician's scope. The cited rules don't separately settle prescribing. | W. Va. Code §30-3E-9(a) Sep 3, 2026 |
| Wisconsin | Yes — within their experience, education and training, a Wisconsin PA may pierce tissue and order, prescribe, dispense and administer prescription drugs, subject to statutory limits, on evidence of a responsible physician or a written agreement. | Wis. Stat. § 448.975(1)(a)-(b) (Practice of physician assistants) Sep 8, 2026 |
| Wyoming | Yes — a PA practices medicine in Wyoming and may provide a broad range of diagnostic and therapeutic services, with the degree of physician collaboration set at the practice level; the cited rules do not separately spell out prescribing authority or limits. | Wyo. Stat. Ann. §33-26-502(b) Sep 3, 2026 |
Every state, in its own words
Alabama
There shall be no practice by a physician assistant who is not licensed and registered by the Board, and there shall be no independent practice by a physician assistant who is licensed and/or registered by the Board.
Ala. Admin. Code r. 540-X-7-.27(2)–(3) (Prohibited activities and functions — physician assistants) · verified Sep 8, 2026
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A licensed physician assistant may not practice without at least one collaborative relationship established under this chapter.
12 AAC 40.410(a) (A physician assistant may not practice without a collaborative relationship) · verified Sep 5, 2026
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“Direct supervision” has a physical threshold in Arizona: it means the physician, physician assistant or nurse practitioner is WITHIN THE SAME ROOM OR OFFICE SUITE as the medical assistant, in order to be available for consultation about the tasks performed under §32-1456. Reachable by phone is not direct supervision.
A.R.S. §32-1401(8) · verified Sep 1, 2026
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A supervising physician and/or back-up supervising physician or physicians should be available for immediate telephone contact with the physician assistant any time the physician assistant is rendering services to the public.
17 CAR § 140-1806 (Availability of supervising physician) · verified Sep 4, 2026
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⚠️ And cosmetic medicine must be the supervising physician’s own line of work. A physician assistant may only be delegated tasks that are part of the physician’s customary practice — the Board’s example is that obstetricians supervise PAs treating obstetrical patients — so if cosmetic medicine is not part of that physician’s customary practice, the physician MAY NOT supervise a PA providing cosmetic procedures at all. A signature from an available physician of the wrong specialty is not supervision.
Medical Board of California — Medical Spas: What You Need to Know (Physician Assistants) · verified Sep 1, 2026
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A physician assistant must enter into a collaborative agreement with a physician or a physician group under Colo. Rev. Stat. § 12-240-114.5(2)(a); the physician entering into the agreement must be actively practicing in Colorado with a regular and reliable physical presence in Colorado; and the agreement must include the physician assistant's name, license number, and primary location of practice, the signatures of both parties, a description of the physician assistant's process for collaboration, a description of the performance evaluation process, and any additional requirements specific to the physician assistant's practice that the physician imposes.
Colo. Rev. Stat. § 12-240-114.5(2)(a) · verified Sep 8, 2026
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Each medical spa shall employ or contract for the services of a physician licensed pursuant to chapter 370, a physician assistant licensed pursuant to chapter 370, or an advanced practice registered nurse licensed pursuant to chapter 378. Each such physician, physician assistant or advanced practice registered nurse shall be actively practicing in the state and have received education or training from an institution of higher education or professional organization to perform cosmetic medical procedures and have experience performing such procedures.
Conn. Gen. Stat. §19a-903c(b) (Medical spas) · verified Sep 3, 2026
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"Independent practice" means practice and prescribing by a licensed physician associate who is not subject to a collaborative agreement to the full extent of the physician associate’s education, training, and experience.
24 Del. C. §1770A(4) · verified Sep 3, 2026
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Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed as preventing or restricting other health professionals from offering or undertaking any type of invasive procedure of the body, whether through a body opening or a cutting of the skin, or otherwise affecting the layer of skin below the stratum corneum, for surgical, therapeutic, or cosmetic purposes, if the procedure has been authorized by a licensed physician; or is performed by an advanced practice registered nurse, an anesthesiologist assistant, a dentist, a physician assistant, a podiatrist, a practical nurse, a registered nurse, or a surgical assistant who has received the necessary training and experience to perform the procedure in a safe and effective manner.
D.C. Code §3-1201.02(7)(B) · verified Sep 3, 2026
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There is one narrow exit, and it is narrower than it looks. Neither the direct-supervision rule in (2) nor the offsite-supervision standards in (3) apply to an office at which the EXCLUSIVE service performed is laser hair removal by an advanced practice registered nurse or physician assistant. Add any other service — a neurotoxin, a filler, a peel — and the exemption is gone, because it is written on the office, not on the procedure.
Fla. Stat. §458.348(3)(e) · verified Sep 1, 2026
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An assistant laser practitioner license is open to someone holding a current license as a physician assistant, licensed practical nurse, nurse, esthetician, or master cosmetologist (or who previously held a license or certificate as a medical practitioner), who is 21 or older and holds at least three Board-approved laser/IPL course certificates taught by a licensed physician or a certified CME/CE educator.
Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. 360-35-.02(2) · verified Aug 17, 2026
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A physician assistant shall be considered the agents of the physician assistant's supervising physician in the performance of all practice-related activities as established in writing by the employer. (b) Medical services rendered by the physician assistants may include, but are not limited to: (1) Obtaining patient histories and performing physical examinations; (2) Ordering, interpreting, or performing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures; (3) Formulating a diagnosis; (4) Developing and implementing a treatment plan; (5) Monitoring the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions; (6) Assisting at surgery; (7) Offering counseling and education to meet patient needs; and (8) Making appropriate referrals.
Haw. Admin. R. § 16-85-49.1(a)-(b) · verified Sep 8, 2026
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Failing to supervise the activities of interns, residents, nurse practitioners, certified nurse-midwives, clinical nurse specialists, or physician assistants is a ground for medical discipline.
Idaho Code §54-1814(17) · verified Sep 3, 2026
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The laser rule’s exceptions preserve the separate scopes of dentists, podiatrists, advanced practice nurses working under collaborative agreements, physician assistants working under written guidelines, and electrologists — each may perform procedures within their own licensed scope.
68 Ill. Adm. Code 1285.336(c) · verified Aug 17, 2026
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A collaborating physician may delegate authority to a physician assistant to prescribe legend drugs and medical devices.
Ind. Code §25-27.5-5-6 · verified Jul 26, 2026
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A physician with an active permanent, special, or temporary Iowa license who is actively engaged in the practice of medicine in Iowa may supervise a physician associate.
Iowa Admin. Code r. 481—659.1 (Physician supervision of a physician associate) · verified Sep 4, 2026
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Physician assistants practice in a dependent role with a supervising physician and may perform those duties and responsibilities through delegated authority or written agreement; a person licensed as a physician assistant may perform, only under the direction and supervision of a physician, acts which constitute the practice of medicine and surgery to the extent authorized by the responsible physician and consistent with board rules; and a physician assistant may prescribe drugs pursuant to a written agreement as authorized by the supervising physician.
Kan. Stat. Ann. § 65-28a08(a), (b)(1) · verified Sep 8, 2026
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A physician assistant shall not render any medical service or procedure unless the required supervision agreement is completed and signed by the supervising physician and physician assistant, and in effect. The supervision agreement shall include the scope of medical services and procedures approved by the supervising physician to be performed by the physician assistant, and the level and method of supervision to be provided by the supervising physician.
Ky. Rev. Stat. §311.854(3) · verified Sep 3, 2026
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LOUISIANA IS UNUSUALLY EXPLICIT ABOUT THE NEEDLE, AND THE CARVE-OUT CUTS BOTH WAYS. “A physician assistant may inject local anesthetic agents subcutaneously, including digital blocks or apply topical anesthetic agents when delegated to do so by a supervising physician.” But “nothing in this Part shall otherwise permit a physician assistant to administer local anesthetics perineurally, pericurally, epidurally, intrathecally, or intravenously” unless that physician assistant is also a certified registered nurse anesthetist. On drugs: “A physician assistant may prescribe, order, and administer drugs to the extent delegated by the supervising physician”, subject to the anesthetics provision.
La. Rev. Stat. § 37:1360.31(A)(2), (C)(1) (Services performed by physician assistants) · verified Sep 8, 2026
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The collaborative agreement, or, if appropriate, the scope of practice agreement, must be submitted to the board for approval and the agreement must be kept on file at the main location of the place of practice and be made available to the board or the board’s representative upon request. Upon submission to the board of documentation of 4,000 hours of clinical practice, a physician associate is no longer subject to the requirements of this subsection.
32 M.R.S. §3270-G(5) · verified Sep 3, 2026
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To the extent permitted by the rules, regulations, and orders of the Board, an individual to whom duties are delegated by a licensed physician or physician assistant may perform those duties without a license. The individuals to whom duties may be delegated include any individual authorized to practice any other health occupation regulated under this article.
Md. Code, Health Occ. §14-306(a)-(b) · verified Sep 3, 2026
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What a physician assistant may do is set by their own training rather than by a list: depending upon their level of professional training and experience AS DETERMINED BY A SUPERVISING PHYSICIAN, they may perform medical services of a general nature and may order tests and therapeutics in private practice, group practice or a health care facility, consistent with that facility’s bylaws and policies.
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 112, § 9E · verified Sep 1, 2026
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MICHIGAN MAKES THE WRITTEN AGREEMENT THE PRECONDITION, NOT THE PARAGRAPH AFTERWARDS. “A physician’s assistant shall not engage in the practice as a physician’s assistant except under the terms of a practice agreement that meets the requirements of this section.” It must set out a process for communication, availability and decision making; an alternative physician for consultation when the participating physician is not available; both signatures; a 30-day written termination provision; the duties and responsibilities of each; and a requirement that the participating physician verify the physician assistant’s credentials. IT MAY NOT ASSIGN WHAT EITHER OF THEM CANNOT DO: the agreement “shall not include as a duty or responsibility of the physician’s assistant or participating physician an act, task, or function that the physician’s assistant or participating physician is not qualified to perform by education, training, or experience and that is not within the scope of the license held” by them.
Mich. Comp. Laws § 333.17047 (Practice agreement required; contents) · verified Sep 8, 2026 · read at Internet Archive snapshot — evidence of a page, not the current rule
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Physician assistants shall practice medicine only under an established practice agreement, and a physician assistant may, within that agreement, provide patient services including taking patient histories, performing physical examinations, ordering or performing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and prescribing, administering, and dispensing drugs, controlled substances, and medical devices.
Minn. Stat. § 147A.09, subd. 1–2 · verified Sep 8, 2026
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(1) The State Board of Medical Licensure shall license and regulate the practice of physician assistants in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.
Miss. Code Ann. § 73-26-3(1) · verified Sep 8, 2026
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The scope of practice of a physician assistant shall consist only of the following services and procedures: taking patient histories; performing physical examinations of a patient; performing or assisting in the performance of routine office laboratory and patient screening procedures; performing routine therapeutic procedures; recording diagnostic impressions and evaluating situations calling for attention of a physician to institute treatment procedures; instructing and counseling patients regarding mental and physical health using procedures reviewed and approved by a collaborating physician; assisting the supervising physician in institutional settings; assisting in surgery; and performing such other tasks not prohibited by law under the collaborative practice arrangement with a licensed physician as the physician assistant has been trained and is proficient to perform.
Mo. Rev. Stat. §334.735.2 · verified Sep 3, 2026
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A physician, office, firm, state institution, or professional service corporation may not employ or make use of the services of a physician assistant in the practice of medicine, as defined in 37-3-102 , and as provided in this chapter and a physician assistant may not be employed or practice as a physician assistant unless the physician assistant: (1) is licensed by the board; (2) has paid to the board the applicable fees required by the board; and (3) engages in practice for which the physician assistant is educationally prepared and for which the physician assistant has achieved and maintained competency.
Mont. Code Ann. § 37-20-301 · verified Sep 8, 2026
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NEBRASKA ANSWERS THE PRESCRIBING HALF IN ONE SENTENCE. “A physician assistant, under a collaborative agreement with a supervising physician, may prescribe drugs and devices.” “All such prescriptions and prescription container labels shall bear the name of the physician assistant”, and “A physician assistant who prescribes controlled substances listed in Schedule II, III, IV, or V … shall obtain a federal Drug Enforcement Administration registration number.” The same collaborative agreement lets the physician assistant “plan and initiate a therapeutic regimen”.
Neb. Rev. Stat. § 38-2055(1)-(3) (Physician assistants; prescribe drugs and devices) · verified Sep 8, 2026
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A physician assistant may inject dermal or soft tissue fillers in Nevada if licensed pursuant to chapter 630 or chapter 633 of NRS, provided the injection is within the physician assistant’s own scope of practice and is performed at a medical facility or the office of a physician, physician assistant, dentist, advanced practice registered nurse or podiatric physician.
Nev. Rev. Stat. §629.086(1)(a)(1), (1)(a)(4), (1)(b)-(c) · verified Sep 3, 2026
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Except as provided in RSA 328-D:15, III and RSA 328-D:16, II, a physician associate who has fewer than 8,000 hours of post-graduate clinical practice and practices without at least one licensed New Hampshire physician in the group, practice, or health system shall enter into a written collaboration agreement with a New Hampshire licensed physician who practices in a similar area of medicine; and a physician associate with more than 8,000 post-graduate clinical practice hours who intends to practice in such a setting shall apply to the board of medicine for a waiver of the collaboration agreement requirement.
N.H. Rev. Stat. §328-D:3-b, I(a)–(b) · verified Sep 8, 2026
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Licensed health care providers a physician may direct to administer modalities include physical therapists, registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, physician assistants, chiropractors, athletic trainers and occupational therapists, the last with restrictions on advanced modalities.
N.J.A.C. 13:35-6.14(a) · verified Aug 17, 2026 · read at Cornell Legal Information Institute
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NEW MEXICO SETS THE PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT’S CEILING BY EDUCATION AND EXPERIENCE, THEN LETS THE SUPERVISING PHYSICIAN NARROW IT. “Unless otherwise provided by law, physician assistants may provide medical services within the scope of the physician assistants’ education and experience.” And on limits: “Practice limitations are determined by the supervising physician’s or specialty and practice setting in addition to the physician assistant’s education and training.” The rule states no list of procedures and names no modality, so what a New Mexico physician assistant may inject is decided by those two things and not by an enumeration.
16.10.15.16 and 16.10.15.17 NMAC (Scope of practice; practice limitations) · verified Sep 8, 2026
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A physician assistant may perform medical services only under the supervision of a physician, and only where the acts assigned are within the supervising physician’s own scope of practice. That supervision must be continuous, but is not construed as requiring the physician’s physical presence where the services are performed. No physician may employ or supervise more than six physician assistants in private practice at one time.
N.Y. Educ. Law §6542 · verified Aug 17, 2026
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North Carolina names the permitted combinations for a professional corporation: a physician and a physician assistant may co-own one, and a physician may co-own with a nurse practitioner, a psychiatric/mental health clinical nurse specialist or a certified nurse midwife. The section is an enumeration of what is allowed — a combination it does not list is simply not authorized by it.
N.C. Gen. Stat. §55B-14(c)(3) and (c)(5) · verified Sep 1, 2026
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An individual providing the services of a physician assistant under this chapter to a patient located in this state shall possess an active North Dakota license for physician assistant practice or be privileged to practice in this state under chapter 43 - 17.5.
N.D.C.C. § 43-17-02.1(1) (Physician assistant — scope of practice) · verified Sep 5, 2026
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A physician assistant may be delegated light-based device application only where the physician holds an effective supervision agreement with that physician assistant, and the assistant meets the training requirements that apply to physician assistants under Chapter 4730.
Ohio Admin. Code 4731-18-03 · Ohio Rev. Code §4730.21 · verified Aug 17, 2026
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In all patient care settings, the supervising physician shall provide appropriate methods of supervising the health care services provided by the physician assistant including:
Okla. Stat. tit. 59, § 519.6 (Supervision in all patient care settings) · verified Sep 5, 2026
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A physician associate may not practice medicine unless the physician associate has entered into a collaboration agreement signed by a physician, podiatric physician or employer.
Or. Rev. Stat. §677.510(2)(a) · verified Sep 3, 2026
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The delegation rule does not restrict a practitioner who is separately licensed or certified from practicing within their own scope, and expressly does not limit certified registered nurse anesthetists, nurse midwives, certified registered nurse practitioners or physician assistants acting under their own statutes and regulations.
49 Pa. Code §18.402 · verified Aug 17, 2026 · read at Cornell Legal Information Institute
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Physician assistants shall practice in collaboration with physicians. A physician assistant may provide any medical or surgical services that are within the physician assistant's skills, education, and training. Physician assistants may perform those duties and responsibilities consistent with the limitations of this section, including prescribing, administering, procuring, and dispensing of drugs and medical devices.
R.I. Gen. Laws §5-54-8(a) · verified Sep 3, 2026
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The supervising physician is responsible for all aspects of the PA's practice, must identify the PA's scope of practice and determine the delegation of medical acts, tasks, or functions, which must be defined in written scope of practice guidelines; and, pursuant to those guidelines, a physician assistant may practice in a public place, a private place, or a facility where the supervising physician regularly sees patients, make house calls, perform hospital duties, perform telemedicine, and perform any functions performed by the supervising physician if the PA is also qualified to perform those functions.
S.C. Code §40-47-955(A)–(B) · verified Sep 8, 2026
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A physician assistant may provide the following medical and surgical services, for which the physician assistant has been prepared by education, training, and experience, and for which the physician assistant is competent to perform: evaluate, diagnose, manage, and provide medical treatment; obtain and perform comprehensive health histories and physical examinations; order, perform, and interpret diagnostic procedures; order and perform therapeutic procedures; and order, prescribe, dispense, and administer medical devices, legend drugs, and prescription drugs not listed in §34-20B-12.
S.D. Codified Laws §36-4A-26.1 · verified Sep 3, 2026
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Supervision of a physician assistant DOES NOT require the continuous and constant presence of the supervising physician — but the physician must be AVAILABLE FOR CONSULTATION AT ALL TIMES, or must arrange for a substitute physician to be available. The supervising physician and any substitute must hold a current, unencumbered Tennessee license.
Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 0880-02-.18(1) and (2) · verified Sep 2, 2026
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TEXAS DEFINES THE PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT’S PRACTICE AS DELEGATED PRACTICE, AND THE INJECTION SITS INSIDE IT. “The practice of a physician assistant includes providing medical services delegated by a supervising physician that are within the education, training, and experience of the physician assistant.” The enumerated services include “ordering or performing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures” and “prescribing or ordering a drug or device as provided by Subchapter B” of Chapter 157. The relationship is stated as agency: “A physician assistant is the agent of the physician assistant’s supervising physician for any medical services that are delegated by that physician” and that “are delineated by protocols, practice guidelines, or practice directives established by the supervising physician”.
Tex. Occ. Code § 204.202(a)-(b), (e) (Scope of practice) · verified Sep 8, 2026
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permitted to direct the tasks of a licensed practical nurse, and includes: (a) an advanced practice registered nurse; (b) a certified nurse midwife; (c) a chiropractic physician; (d) a dentist; (e) an osteopathic physician; (f) a physician assistant; (g) a podiatric physician; (h) an optometrist; (i) a naturopathic physician;
Utah Admin. Code R156-31b-102 (Definitions — who may direct an LPN) · verified Sep 4, 2026
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Except as provided in subsection 1734c(b) and subsection (e) of the section, a physician assistant shall engage in practice as a physician assistant in the State only if the physician assistant has entered into a written practice agreement as set forth in subsection (b) of the section, with a participating physician whose area of specialty is similar or related to the physician assistant's.
26 V.S.A. § 1735a(a) · verified Sep 8, 2026
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⚠️ DELEGATION TURNS ON WHO THE DELEGATE IS. A doctor who delegates laser hair removal and supervises a person OTHER THAN a licensed physician assistant or licensed nurse practitioner must ensure THAT PERSON has completed the same six-subject training, ten proctored cases included. Delegating to a PA or NP does not carry that requirement; delegating to anyone else does.
18 Va. Admin. Code § 85-20-91(C) · verified Sep 2, 2026
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A physician assistant may use an LLRP device on skin with the consent of a PARTICIPATING PHYSICIAN and in accordance with standard medical practice, provided they are appropriately trained in the physics, safety and techniques of the device beforehand and remain competent for as long as it is used. Washington gives physician assistants their own rule rather than treating them as a delegate under the physician’s.
Wash. Admin. Code 246-918-125(4) and (5) · verified Sep 2, 2026
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A physician assistant may not practice independent of a collaborating physician.
W. Va. Code §30-3E-9(a) · verified Sep 3, 2026
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WISCONSIN GRANTS THE PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT THE ACT ITSELF, IN WORDS THAT REACH AN INJECTION DIRECTLY. Subject to the limitations in subsection (2), and to the physician assistant’s own experience, education and training, a physician assistant may “Examine into the fact, condition, or cause of human health or disease, or treat, operate, prescribe, or advise for the same, by any means or instrumentality” and may “Penetrate, pierce, or sever the tissues of a human being.” On drugs the grant is equally direct: “consistent with his or her experience, education, and training”, “a physician assistant may order, prescribe, procure, dispense, and administer prescription drugs, medical devices, services, and supplies.”
Wis. Stat. § 448.975(1)(a)-(b) (Practice of physician assistants) · verified Sep 8, 2026
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A physician assistant is an individual who practices medicine. A physician assistant is qualified by the individual's education, training and experience to provide a broad range of diagnostic, therapeutic and health promotion and disease prevention services. A physician assistant may collaborate with or refer to the appropriate member of a healthcare team as indicated by the condition of the patient and the education, experience and competence of the physician assistant and current standard of care.
Wyo. Stat. Ann. §33-26-502(b) · verified Sep 3, 2026
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51 of the 51 states for which we publish statute-cited rules. That is not every state, and nothing above should be read as describing one that is not listed — the answer genuinely differs, so a neighbouring state is not a guide. We monitor all 50 state legislatures plus the FDA and the Federal Register daily; the cited rule set is narrower than the monitoring and is growing on its own timetable.
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